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Strategies for providing care within a selected endoscopic procedure
ŠAVRDOVÁ, Soňa
The diploma thesis deals with a strategy of providing care within the framework of a colonoscopy and gastroscopy procedure. The aim of this thesis is to find out what information is provided by the nurses to the patients during a colonoscopy and gastroscopy procedure, what communication techniques are used by the nurses within the framework of reducing the fear at the patients and what expectations the patients have from the nurses before the colonoscopy and gastroscopy procedure. Six research questions were established, which surveyed what information is provided by the nurses to the patients during the procedure, what communication techniques are used by the nurses within the framework of reducing the fear at the patients and what expectation the patients have from the nurses. Furthermore, they surveyed what kinds of problem have both the nurses and patients to solve and how the nurses secure the patients´ intimacy within the framework of the colonoscopy and gastroscopy procedure. In the theoretical part, the thesis is focused on the anatomy and physiology of the digestive system, progress of endoscopic devices, on endoscopy procedures and nursing process within the framework of the colonoscopy and gastroscopy procedure. And at last but not least, the security of the patient´s intimacy and a role of a nurse - communicator within the framework of the colonoscopy and gastroscopy procedure. To achieve the aim, the qualitative method of research construction was used with a method of an interview, face-to-face technique at the patients undergoing the colonoscopy and gastroscopy procedure and at the nurses providing these patients with nursing care. The research construction was supplemented with the nurses´ observation. The results from the obtained data led to the conclusion that the nurses ensure the patients´ intimacy properly, use the communication techniques for reducing the fear efficiently, provide the patients with information concerning the endoscopy procedure and that they rarely experienced any problems. Furthermore, the research construction revealed that a varied part of the patients never experienced any problems and their positive expectation from the nurses was fulfilled. The results of the research construction will be offered to the employees of the endoscopy department where the research was performed as a feedback for the approach to the patients within the framework of the colonoscopy and gastroscopy procedure.
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Communication of nurse with patient in connection with colonoscopy
NĚMEČKOVÁ, Jana
The main aim of this work was to map the issue of nurse communication with a patient undergoing colonoscopy. Based on this goal, three research questions were set out, which had the following wording: What communication do patients expect before the colonoscopy?; How do patients undergoing colonoscopy evaluate nurse communication?; What feelings do patients experience in colonoscopy? In order to elaborate the empirical part of this thesis, the qualitative research methodology was chosen, which was realized by the technique of semi-structured interview with the patients who underwent colonoscopy. The research group consisted of nine patients who underwent either an outpatient examination or hospitalization in the wards. The interviews were conducted on the basis of 18 prespecified questions. Some of them were enhanced with supplementary questions, appropriately developing the considered issue. All interviews were recorded using audio recording, cleaned from padding words and transcribed. Subsequently, they were processed by open coding method using the "pencil and paper" technique. The results are presented in the form of categories and subcategories. The first category is focused on patient expectations and is divided into three subcategories in which the informants expectations regarding the information, communication and medical staff attitude are recorded. The second category focuses on information related to colonoscopy. In the third category, feelings experienced in connection with colonoscopy are recorded, and this category is further subdivided into four subcategories. The last, fourth category, is nurse communication from a patient perspective, which includes two subcategories. The results of the research revealed differences between patient expectations and nurse communication. Further, the feelings perceived by the informants before, during and after the examination were revealed. According to the information obtained, the informants were most often afraid of the pain and the course of the examination. They were rather satisfied with the nurses' communication. This bachelor thesis provides an insight into the issue of nurse communication with a patient undergoing colonoscopy, its shortcomings, but also positive aspects. The whole issue is observed from the patients´ subjective point of view and their needs, which makes the results of the work useful to both healthcare professionals and lay people.
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Specifice of nursing care for children undergoing endoscopic examination of the gastrointestinal tract
HALÁMKOVÁ, Hana
Although it is not a new method endoscopy has undergone incredible development in recent years. The examination is however very unpleasant for a patient, which is why health care staff should be well trained, particularly for child patients. The aim of the thesis was to map the specifics of nursing care for children undergoing endoscopic examination of the gastrointestinal tract. We approached the whole issue from the point of view of caring staff ? nurses. In the theoretical part we first described the gastrointestinal tract anatomy, endoscopy development and types of endoscopic examination. Then we dealt with the role of a nurse in the care for child patients undergoing these examinations. We formed three goals for the research. Goal 1: To find out how nurses prepare child patients for the individual endoscopic examinations. Goal 2: To verify whether nurses caring about a child patient undergoing gastrointestinal tract endoscopy are specifically trained. Goal 3 served as the output of the work: To elaborate recommendation for nurses preparing child patients for the individual endoscopic examinations. We chose quantitative research for collection of the necessary information. A questionnaire designed for nurses caring for child patients was the data collection technique. The questionnaire was anonymous, distributed at paediatric clinics of faculty hospitals of Moravian region. 104 questionnaires suitable for processing returned from 140 issued. The research has shown that nurses working at the clinics where the research was performed master the correct nursing care for child patients undergoing endoscopic examination of the gastrointestinal tract. Nevertheless the fact that most information is gained upon practical experience, with low emphasis on initial and repeated training of nurses also results from the research. A recommendation was elaborated upon the gathered information in the form of a standard nursing procedure proposal.
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Nursing process in patiens undergoing endoscopic examination methods.
FORŠTOVÁ, Eliška
In recent decades the endoscopy plays an important role in detection and subsequent treatment of diseases, through which the pathological changes in all hollow organs can be viewed and controlled either by physiological or artificial pathway. A great emphasis is put on care which is provided by the medical personal during the endoscopy. The first aim of the thesis was to find out how patients are prepared for the selected endoscopy and how they tolerate this preparation as well as the course and care after the examination and what information patients have about the steps after the endoscopy. The second aim was to find out how nurses prepare patients for the selected endoscopy and take care of them during and after those examinations. The research part of this thesis was processed as a form of qualitative research, a half-designed interview was chosen as a technique of data collection. There were two groups of researched ? patients who have undergone some of the selected endoscopy and nurses who took care of patients before, during and after the examination. The main results, which are summarized in the tables, include findings about the care which was provided to patients and nurser´s activities associated with the correct preparation before, during and after the examination. These tables are based on results of both reports. The results present that the patients are very well prepared by the nurses for selected endoscopy although these examinations are very stressful for the patients. That relates with their perception of care during the nursing process. Neither patients nor nurses can remember the complete set of acts associated with the preparation, the course and the nursing process after the endoscopy. In conclusion, nothing was neglected during the nursing process, including an information guideline after the endoscopy. Based on these results, an information booklet has been prepared which could have great benefits for patients undergoing selected endoscopy ? especially colonoscopy which is the most common endoscopy. The information booklet contains information about a suitable diet (without any left-overs) and food selection that the patient should follow before colonoscopy.
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Problem of knowledge of a patient indicated for colonoscopy
ČERNÁ, Miroslava
The colonoscopic examination is no only a diagnostic method, but also a therapeutic method applied in gastroenterology. The colonoscopic examination is performed by the flexible endoscope and it is possible to examine the whole mucous membrane of the large intestine and to perform here also minor surgical operations. The necessity for the colonoscopic examination is as perfect as possible defecation of intestines, however, also this depends on the sufficient knowledge of the patient of the examination performance and preparation. This examination is quite stressing and strenuous for the patients. The target of the thesis was to find out the difference in knowledge of clients indicated for colonoscopy within hospitalization and clients coming as outpatients. 2 hypotheses were postulated: Hypothesis 1: {\clqq}The scope of information of dietary measures before colonoscopy provided to hospitalized clients is different than the scope of information provided to ambulatory clients``. The hypothesis 2: {\clqq}The scope of information about the procedure of the examination before the colonoscopy provided to hospitalized clients is different than the scope of information provided to ambulatory clients``. The method of questioning - technology of a questionnaire was applied to the collection of data. The questionnaire was completely anonymous and was determined for patients indicated to colonoscopic examination. The questionnaire included 22 closed and half-closed questions. 130 questionnaires were distributed in the gastro-enterologic ward in the Hospital of České Budějovice a.s. After returning the questionnaires and elimination of the incompletely filled in and empty questionnaires, the examined group consisted of 106 respondents, thereof 53 were ambulatory respondents and 53 hospitalized respondents. The target of the thesis was achieved. It followed from the results that both hypotheses were confirmed, there is really a certain difference in knowledge before the colonoscopic examination between the ambulatory and hospitalized respondents. In both hypotheses, the ambulatory respondents were informed better. This bachelor´s thesis points out the importance of giving the information to the patients and of co-operation between the patient, nurse and physician. To improve the knowledge of patients indicated for colonoscopy I created the draft of a leaflet, summarizing information the patient should know before this examination. The results of this thesis will be provided to the head and management of gastro-enterologic ward of the Hospital České Budějovice a.s. Its topic could be of help to the medical staff in better informing the patients.
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Irrigoscopy and endoskopy of colon - present - day diagnostic coverage and specifics of utilization
RUTTER, Bořivoj
Irrigography and endoscopy of colon - Present - day diagnostic coverage and specifics of utilization The main theme of this work is description of actual situation in itrrigoscopy and colonoscopy. The aim is determination of specific indications to use one of these methods or both of them. Very fast growth of modern radiodiagnostic methods and their widening possibilities in examinating of human bodies is very promising. These new modern diagnostic methods are : Computer Tomography / CT /, and its modifications, Magnetic Resonance / MR / and its modifications, Endosonography / EUS / and innovated Ultrasonography / US /. Unique dual modality PET/CT describe anatomy, function and activity of guts and other parts of body. The method is able to work with good resolution, comparable with MR and CT. In spite of their expensivity in everyday use, there is a need to look for their place among radiodiagnostic methods. Methods, which are expensive now, can be cheaper and more accessible in the close future. But in the same time it brings bigger pressure on reasonable selection among suitable examinations for setting the precise diagnose. Strictly economical approach sometimes lack logic. The next part of this work is the summary of irrigoscopies and colonoscopies, which we have made during five years on our radiodiagnostic department and gastroenterologic department. I introduce most frequent radiodiagnostic findings, which were set by irrigoscopy, in percentual summary. I gathered the informations from common available sources, so in the case of colonoscopy, I introduce only quantitative summary of examinations, caused by the nonexistence of another data. In the end I would like to say, that irrigoscopy still stays the method number one in the specific indications. The fate of irrigoscopy and colonoscopy will be different. Irrigoscopy is handicaped by relatively high level of radiation exposure, and this is a chance for colonoscopy with its zero radiation exposure. Colonoscopy can work as a supplementary examination to new modalities or as an independent examination with great facility - possibility of biopsy. Maybe in the near future MSCT, CTC, MR, MRC and classic colonoscopy will eliminate irrigoscopy.
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